The True Story of Civilization, Part 1

(Or "How Civilization Really Works")
Since you’re reading this, it’s a safe bet that you’ve heard of Social Contract Theory. I hope you like fairy tales.
Once upon a time, people decided that they wanted a government. How this full-blown concept of government entered their heads, and why, remains a mystery. As it happened, in a wondrous land nearby, there lived a government in need of people. When the government and the people discovered one another, they joyously made an agreement. The people and the government set the conditions by which the government would rule by serving, and the people would serve by ruling. The powers of government would be strictly defined and leave the people otherwise free to pursue their favorite—well—pursuits.
That’s the essence of the Social Contract Theory of government. It’s a sweet little story; but, alas (Alas is Early Elizabethan for, “Oh, hell!), it’s just a fairy tale. It never happened that way. Even the Social Contract theorists will tell you that it never happened that way. Social Contract Theory is just a justification for government, dreamed up thousands of years after the first governments were formed.
Really, now, can you imagine cave men talking as philosophically as all that? Here’s something closer to what really happened:
Through skill and a little luck, a cave man (whom we’ll call Larry) killed a wild animal and carried it home. As his wife Linda was preparing it for supper, along comes Bob and demands half of it. Larry says, “Give me one good reason.”
Bob replies, “I got two good reasons, and each one of them has five knuckles. I’m the meanest, ugliest, and most selfish person that ever gave you nightmares; and, now that you got me upset, I’ll take all of it.” With that, he takes a rock and smashes Larry’s foot.
That’s how government got started. In fact, that’s how civilization as we know it got started.
The strongest and most violent people forced their will on those not as strong or as willing to use force. You’ve often heard that the history of the struggle for freedom is a history of the struggle against tyranny. Tyranny is a political word. Put in psychological terms, this history has been a struggle between mentally healthy people and psychopaths.
Even psychopaths have to sleep sometime. Thus they needed bullies to help them rob and kill, keep them safe from normal people, and share the spoils. That was the first government.
You’ve heard of the Magna Carta. It’s considered a giant leap forward for freedom. Actually, it did nothing for anyone other than the few dozen men who forced King John to sign it. They still went about bullying their serfs. They still went about asserting their supposed “right” to have sex with the bride of a serf on her wedding night. They still went about asserting that raping a virgin guaranteed them victory in battle. (Of course, all that sounds like more after-the-fact justifications for psychopathic behavior.)
I know that sounds a mite prickly, but think. Let’s suppose you lived in a hidden valley or on an uncharted island, and no one there had ever heard of government. How would you propose the idea to them? How would it sound to them? Wouldn’t they think that you’re a con man or a psychopath or both?
Why should they want to give you part of what they’d earned? Why should they go off and kill someone just because you said that you wanted more land or more power to tell someone else what to do and have them do it? Why should you accept paper in exchange for things of value, knowing that each slip of paper you accept will take value away from what you already have?
In Gulliver’s Travels, Lemuel Gulliver found such a place as this, and he offered to reveal to them the secret of making gunpowder. He said that, with gunpowder, they could overpower their enemies by killing vast numbers of them. They thought that he was a psychopath, and they hoped that others in his homeland were not like him.
Like many of you, Gulliver was so accustomed to the supposed prerogatives of government that, to him, those perogatives seemed perfectly normal to him. During the late nineteenth century, a man told an American named Hiram Maxim that Maxim could get rich if he invented a more efficient way for Europeans to kill each other. The result was the Maxim gun, which was the most efficient killing machine of its day.
Here’s another "why" for you: Assuming that you managed to convince these hypothetical people to sign a social contract with you and form a government, how long a period should the contract cover? Just because several living people made the agreement, why must their great grandchildren be bound by it?
This article is not an argument against the existence of government. It’s an effort to get people to think about the limits of authority. Remember the Nuremberg defense: The Holocaust was considered legal under the system of government that existed in Germany at the time of the Holocaust.
The Nuremberg trials established that, even with the backing of government, individuals are responsible for their behavior. Murder is murder, even when ordered by government. Terrorism is terrorism, even when ordered by government. Other violations of human rights are human rights violations, even when ordered by government.
Everywhere in the world, the struggle for human liberty and human rights has always been a struggle between mentally healthy people and psychopaths. In ancient times, King Herod (who was king when Jesus was born), King Arthur, and other kings ordered mass murders of infants in order to secure their thrones.
During the Medieval Era, a third of all popes and European kings were murderers.
Machiavelli described many things people did to gain and hold power. One usurper had his henchman murder everyone even suspected of opposing him. Once his power was secure and he was thoroughly hated, the usurper placed all the blame on the henchman, had him cut in half; and the two halves of his body were placed on either side of the city gate so that people entering or leaving the city would walk between the two halves. Thus the usurper secured the loyalty of the people.
I give this example because politicians have used various forms of this tactic all over the world throughout history. During the Three Kingdoms Period in China a thousand years earlier, Emperor Tsao Tsao’s supply officer reported that half the grain had been spoiled by rats and that there wouldn’t be enough to feed the army. Tsao Tsao ordered him to put the army on half rations. When the supply officer protested that the army would mutiny if he did that, Tsao Tsao told him he would manage it himself. After the supply officer put the army on half rations, the emperor had him beheaded and put his head on display with a sign accusing him of stealing the grain and selling it. This placated the army and the mutiny ended before it could begin.
Do you see the pattern? It’s easier for most people to believe that an underling is guilty of evil than it is to believe that their leader would do evil.
Now let us turn to the Early Modern Era. In 1509, Henry VIII became king of England. The guy had two his wives executed because they didn’t give birth to male children on the first try. Grab your barf bag and take a look here. He had two marriages annulled for the same reason. Does that sound normal to you?
It doesn’t stop there. Over a two hundred year period, every British monarch murdered a family member to gain, hold, or perpetuate personal power.
What about the wars for which Europe is famous? From one end of Europe to another, every monarch was related to every other monarch. They were so inbred that hemophilia, a hereditary disease, was present in most of the royal houses of Europe. The wars of Europe were family squabbles, but the so-called nobles rarely died in those wars. No, the victims were the peasants who’d rather have been left alone. Does that sound as if normal people were running things?
Okay, that was then, and now is now, right? Wrong. Psychopaths are still running things. You’ve heard of Hitler, right? He was a psychopath, right? Okay, we’re on the same page. How does an underemployed paper hanger get the money to run for Germany’s highest office and win? No, he didn’t get it from German blue-collar workers who were so impoverished by inflation that they often couldn’t afford to buy bread. And think about this one: During the closing months of World War II, Germany was thoroughly blockaded, both economically and strategically. How did German manufacturers obtain the materials to construct gas chambers and make enough gas to kill nine million people?
The answer to both questions is that Hitler had outside help, and those people couldn’t have been normal either. I’m sure you’ll require proof for that one. In the conclusion of “The True Story of Civilization,” we’ll take a journey into the heart of darkness, from the rise of Hitler to the present day.

The True Story of Civilization, Part 2

(Or “How Civilization Really Works”)
In part one of this article, I described the beginnings of government thousands of years ago. I also described how the age-old struggle for liberty has been a struggle between mentally healthy people and the psychopaths who run things. The question arose, “Do psychopaths control governments even in contemporary times? I pointed to Hitler as an object lesson.
There seems to be an immutable law of the Internet that, if an Internet argument runs long enough, someone will mention Hitler. I believe there are two reasons for this—one unreasonable, one reasonable.
The name Hitler has become a trigger word. Knowing that the name has the power to get people excited, excitable people often bring up the name when they run out of facts or reasonable arguments to bolster their cases. In short, it’s a cheap shot intended to circumvent the logical process.
The other reason is that the lessons of Nazi Germany are well known, well explored, and—to use a popular metaphor for such lessons of history—written in large, easy-to-read, easy-to-understand letters. To introduce a metaphor of my own, the history of Nazi Germany is like a For Dummies book on political science.
Hitler’s motives were clear: He was criminally insane and hated anyone whom he thought didn’t measure up to his ideas of lives worth living. He hated Gypsies, Slavs, labor unionists, communists, homosexuals, handicapped people, and many others, but most of all Jews. Just to make sure that he got his point across, he wrote a popularly selling book called Mein Kampf (My Struggle) in which he said that, if he gained control of Germany, he’d kill all of them. Almost everyone agrees—and I assume so do you—that Hitler was a sick puppy.
If it were just Hitler, I seriously doubt that he could have killed more than thirty people before he was caught and put away. If you’ve read The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, or some other book that details the history of Nazi Germany, I’m sure I don’t have to convince you that Hitler managed to attract hundreds if not thousands of criminal psychopaths to form a government.
That much shouldn’t be surprising. Like attract likes; and, as the economists like to say, people respond to incentives. In the Third Reich, psychopathic behavior was rewarded. The Nuremberg trials established that very many of the perps willingly committed these acts and were even proud of them.
Now we’re no longer talking about just one madman. We’re talking about thousands of them running one of the most advanced countries in the world.
Where did an underemployed paper hanger get the money to run for the nation’s highest office and win? No, he didn’t get it from angry people who were impoverished by rampant inflation. What about the Holocaust itself? In the closing months of the war, Germany was economically and strategically blockaded. How did Hitler get the materials necessary to manufacturer gas chambers, gas ovens, and Zyklon B gas? With fuel famously in short supply, where did he get the means to operate the gas ovens?
For the answers to all those questions, we have to look beyond Germany.
The Zyklon B gas was manufactured by I G Farben, the world’s largest chemical manufacturer, with branches in Germany and the United States. (The U. S. branch was a wholly owned subsidiary of the German company.) I G Farben was established with help from J. P. Morgan’s New York City Bank (the precursor of today’s Citibank). None other than James Paul Warburg sat on the U.S. board of directors. Warburg was a banker, an adviser to Franklin Roosevelt, a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, and a founder of the Institute for Policy Studies. He was famous for saying to Congress in 1950, “We shall have world government, whether or not we like it. The question is only whether world government will be achieved by consent or by conquest."
In Germany, his brother Max Warburg sat on the board of directors.
Notwithstanding Hitler’s insane hatred of Jews, I G Farben donated RM400,000 to Hitler’s 1933 campaign for chancellor of Germany. Throughout the Holocaust, as six million Jews and three million others were rounded up and killed in Hitler’s death camps, I G Farben manufactured the gas that killed them. Throughout the Holocaust, Max Warburg, safely in the United States, remained on I G Farben’s board of directors.
Without the help of I G Farben and Wall Street, Hitler could not have gone to war. To see just how much I G Farben contributed to the German war machine, click here. Not one person in Germany or the U.S. resigned from I G Farben’s board of directors—not while their products were killing Americans, nor when the Holocaust they were supplying was in full swing. Do they sound normal?
After the Nuremberg trials were over, a second round of Nuremberg trials began. All but one the top officials of the German branch of I G Farben were tried for war crimes and most were found guilty. The only member who was not brought to trial was Max Warburg.
What about Wall Street and the American branch of I G Farben? Their participation in the Holocaust was conveniently dropped down a memory hole.
I mention I G Farben as only one example of collusion between Wall Street and Hitler. In point of fact, dozens of top Wall Street banks and other businesses were indispensable to the rise of Hitler and to the Holocaust. (Click here.) One of the co-conspirators was Prescott Bush, the grandfather of George W. Bush.
In her book The Shock Doctrine, Naomi Klein uses the term disaster capitalism in connection with government policies that cause disasters which, in turn, bring huge profits to disaster-related corporations and to government officials with investments in those corporations. The term shock doctrine refers to the principle that only a major shock can cause people to accept radical changes in their lives such as preemptive war on a nation that’s no threat to us, a surveillance society, or a host of other radical changes wrought by the Bush-Obama administrations. She points out how Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, and others in the Bush administration multiplied their wealth as a result of investments in the War in Iraq, in domestic surveillance, flu scares (Rumsfeld’s investments in Tamiflu increased eightfold in value while he was in government “service,”) and other profitable disasters.
She also demonstrated how government service has become, in her words, a reconnaissance mission to become familiar enough with the workings of a government agency to leave government “service” and start a consulting business built around gaining contracts from that agency.
Before Bush unilaterally ordered the invasion of Iraq, his own chief arms inspector told him that Saddam Hussein no longer had any weapons of mass destruction. The invasion of Iraq was ordered after Saddam Hussein had indicated that he was going to make an oil export agreement with Russia, effectively cutting off American oil companies. Naomi Klein indicated that that was the real reason for the invasion that has killed more than a million Iraqi civilians and made millions of others homeless. Don’t forget that Bush and Obama have also caused the deaths of thousands of Americans in Iraq.
Contrary to what we’ve heard from Bush, and now Obama, people in Iraq don’t hate us for so flimsy a reason as “our freedoms” (which we have less of now than before 9/11.) They hate us because the U.S. government started a war with them when they were no threat to us, because our military hit mainly civilian targets with 30,000 bombs and 20,000 precision-guided cruise missiles in just five weeks; because over a million Iraqi civilians (out of a population of 25 million) have been killed and several million others have been made homeless. They hate us because, every day, they see foreigners who have become wealthy or wealthier by looting the Iraqi economy. They hate us because the war on them has raised their unemployment rate to 67%. While 17 Iraqi cement plants and countless workers lie idle, cement and workers are being imported at ten times the expense it would take to do the jobs locally. There’s no incentive to keep costs down because it’s all either looted from the U.S. taxpayers or looted from the Iraqi economy.
Does all this sound like the sort of things mentally healthy people would do?
From reading the newspapers over the past few months, we read how Goldman Sachs, a heavy contributor to the 2008 Obama campaign, was rewarded for betting on disasters. Even as they were advising people to make risky housing loans, they created a financial instrument for betting that the housing market would fail. Only one day before the British Petroleum blowout in the Gulf of Mexico, Goldman Sachs “bet short” on BP stocks.
We also learned that Halliburton (of Dick Cheney infamy) had the contract for BP’s blowout valves, and they had installed them only a few days before both of them blew out. More recently, newspapers reported that Halliburton had heavily invested in oil spill cleanup equipment. It’s worth asking how much of a profit they’re making from the oil spill.
Whether you call it disaster capitalism or, as Congressman Michele Bachmann calls it, “gangster government,” the history of Wall Street at least as early as 1910 has been a history of Wall Street insiders capitalizing on disasters. In some cases, such as the sinking of the Lusitania, leading to America’s involvement in World War I, or the looting of Iraq, or the collapse of the housing market, insiders caused the disasters and then profited from them. In others, such as the “Gulf of Tonkin Incident,” which was used as a pretext for ratcheting up the War in Vietnam, and the flu “pandemic” scares, the disasters or threats never existed; but the American people were told that they had.
On spurious grounds, we went to war with Afghanistan and Iraq, we’re now engaged in a secret war to destabilize Pakistan, and the disaster capitalists are trying to push us into a war with Iran over their non-existent nuclear weapons program. Does that sound like the policies of mentally healthy people?
The psychopaths who now run the U.S. government have at least one Achilles heel: amoral congressmen, whom the psychopaths have bought with campaign contributions. The overwhelming majority of our congressmen and senators have voted to loot the U.S. Treasury and borrow trillions of dollars against our future after accepting massive campaign contributions from such gangsters as the health insurance racket, Big Pharma, the military industrial complex, and Wall Street banksters.
[Note: For more information on political ponerology (the study of psychopathy as a source of political evil) click here.]
To see whether your congressman represents you or the gangsters, click here and go to one of the sites listed. They include OpenCongress.org, which tells you where your congressman gets his campaign contributions and other income; Project Vote Smart, which tells you how various interest organizations rate your congressman, and other information you’ll need to sweep the rats out of Congress this November 2.

Unwholesome Entanglements

(This is the third of a three-article series. I apologize for its length. It's twice as long as I'd intended and contains half the information I have and had intended to use.)

     One of the most oft-quoted sayings of the Post-9/11 Era has been, “Any people who would give up essential liberties to gain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.” The suggestion is that, by shredding the Bill of Rights and other restraints on governmental power, the American people gained some measure of safety, however small or temporary.
Did the American people experience a net gain in safety? I’m inclined to believe that the opposite has occurred.
     Perhaps a more appropriate proverb comes from the late, great character actor Dub Taylor. Describing the work of a con man, he said, “A man with money meets a man with experience. The man with experience gets the money, and the man who had money gets experience."
     We all know that many of our freedoms moved toward Washington. At the same time, however, much of America’s sovereignty—and with it, our government’s ability to safeguard our freedoms and our security—moved toward those who had the experience (to use Dub Taylor’s word) to promise the American people (Dub Taylor’s less inexperienced “man with money”) security.
In her 2007 book, Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism, Naomi Klein wrote that, since the early 1990’s, Israel has adjusted its economy to accommodate the existence of terrorism. A whopping 60% of Israel’s exports are in the field of security and counter terrorism. As a consequence, the more fear there is of terrorism, the more terrorism boosts Israel’s GDP and the less incentive Israel has for working toward peaceful solutions.
     Pages 534 through 559 are a litany of security areas Israel dominates just in the United States. You name it; Israel is in charge of something in that area.
     For details, I’ll confine myself to things you can check for yourself in reliable sources on the Internet. I don’t want you to have to take my word for it.
Let’s take telephone records and caller ID for starters. An estimated 98% of all telephone calls in America are routed through an Israeli-owned company called AMDOCS. (Click here.)
     Then there’s the anti-virus, anti-spyware program called ZoneAlarm, said to be used by all of the Fortune 100 companies, most of the Fortune 500 companies and countless other companies and individuals throughout the world. What their web site (here) doesn’t tell you is, ZoneAlarm has been owned by the Israeli company Check Point since 2004.
     Check Point’s home page doesn’t tell you that either. (Click here.) For that information, you have to go to Check Point’s “About Us” page. (Click here.) That information begs the question, “Is your computer spying on you?
     Israel’s penchant for spying on the United States is so well known that anyone reading this article probably doesn’t need a link to be convinced of it. Anyone needing a link probably isn’t reading this article. If you haven’t clicked the link for the AMDOCS remark, please do so, and watch the entire video. (Here it is again.)
     This video of a four-part Fox News series reveals that Israeli intelligence had prior knowledge of the September 11, 2001, attacks and failed to give the United States useful information to prevent them from taking place. The most charitable way we can interpret this fact is, Israel felt that protecting their sources and methods was more important than protecting 3,000 American lives.
     Sometime since 9/11, somebody may have emailed you a video of some Middle Eastern college students celebrating the 9/11 attacks. If so, that person probably told you that the students were Arabs. No, they weren’t; they were Israelis. At that time, some 200 Israelis posed as art students as they gathered information on hundreds of sensitive American installations.
     We must consider as well that Israel profited—politically, militarily, and economically—from the 9/11 attacks. As cynical as it sounds, the Israeli government has already shown that its leaders value personal gain over human lives.
     During the 1930’s and ‘40’s, future leaders of Israel were terrorists who freely killed British, Palestinian, and American civilians. The most notorious of these groups was Irgun, whose members included Menachem Begin (future Israeli prime minister) and Benjamin Emanuel (father of de facto US President Rahm Emanuel.) For a listing of Irgun’s terrorist acts, click here. For a partial membership list, click here.
     In 1954, the Israeli Mossad conducted what became known as the Lavon Affair—a false flag operation involving the murder of British, Egyptian, and American civilians with the intent of blaming the murders on the Muslim Brotherhood. (Click here.)
     At the beginning of the Six-day War in 1967, no one could be sure that Israel would win the war in short order. The American spy ship USS Liberty was 14 miles from Israel, in international waters, when the Israeli attack on the Liberty began. It would take several pages to refute all the excuses Israel gave for the attack. To see what really happened, click here and here.
     An oversized United States flag could be clearly seen as Israeli forces bombed, strafed, and torpedoed the Liberty for three hours trying to sink it and blame the sinking on the Egyptians. On orders from U.S. President Lyndon Johnson, no help arrived. The assault stopped only when a Russian spy ship entered the area, inadvertently becoming a witness to the event.
     Israel perpetrated many other false flag attacks on Americans, but the mention of one more should suffice. Many Americans remember the terrorist group headed by a Palestinian named Abu Nadal.
     Many Americans have fairly clear recollections of the hijacking of the Mediterranean cruise ship Achille Lauro. Those of us who do remember it recall our horror and outrage when one of Nadal’s men killed Leon Klinghoffer (shown at left), a 69-year-old American Jew who was dependent on a wheel chair. At the time, Mr. and Mrs. Klinghoffer were celebrating their wedding anniversary.
     It is now known that Abu Nadal was a Mossad penetration agent. Abu Nadal may not have known, but his handlers certainly did. This information was revealed by an Iraqi Jew who had been involved in Iran Contra and other covert operations. (Click here.) The Mossad's purpose in all this was to make the Palestinians look as bad as possible. Now that we know who was really responsible, it's the Israeli government that looks as bad as possible.
     The Mossad pays unscrupulous people to troll Internet chat groups and meet-up groups. (Click here.) When concerned people object to the behavior of the Israeli government, it’s common for paid trolls or a Mossad front group to accuse the writer or speaker of being anti-Semitic. (Click here.)
     That’s one of the ways that psychopaths in the Israeli government use Jews as human shields for their criminal enterprises. If you criticize the Israeli regime and one of those professional liars accuse you of being anti-Semite, remind the liar of what Israel did to Leon Klinghoffer. The gangsters in Tel Aviv couldn’t care less about the Jews; all they desire is power.
     If the words gangster and psychopath seem a mite prickly, consider that criminal psychopaths are far more common than most people realize. Most people subscribe to the Hollywood presentation of psychopaths as dysfunctional people who don’t know what they’re doing. The really scary part of it is, most psychopaths are quite functional and know exactly what they’re doing. (Click here, here, and here.)
     Get a sheet of paper and draw a vertical line down the middle of it. On one side, write the names or sobriquets (Jack the Ripper, the Boston Strangler, etc.) of all the criminal psychopaths you can remember. The ones in government (Hitler, Stalin, Pol Pot, etc.) go on one side. All other criminal psychopaths go on the other. Although people in government are a tiny minority of the human race, I don’t expect that you’ll find very much difference in the lengths of the two lists.
     Now let’s add to the lists. Write the names of people who committed illegal acts (including fraud) that resulted in the deaths of five or more people. (In most U.S. states, the commission of a felony resulting in a death will earn you the death penalty.) I select the number five because that’s the number of people deliberately killed by Jack the Ripper. I’ll offer you three names for starters: George W. Bush, Dick Cheney, and Condoleezza Rice, who repeatedly committed fraud to get the U.S. involved in a war against the people of Iraq.
     Now the list of government officials committing five or more acts of first degree murder should be much longer than the other list. The list would have to include at least ten United States Presidents.
     Are the leaders of Israel any holier than American leaders? I don’t think so.
If you need further convincing that Israel is ruled by criminal psychopaths, consider the recent Gaza flotilla massacre, a peaceful attempt to deliver necessities of life to the victims of Israel's ethnic cleansing in Gaza. Some of Israel’s victims on the Gaza flotilla were killed execution style. After they had surrendered, they were shot several times in the back of the head. One was an American teenager named Furkin Dogan, whose photo is shown at right. (Click here for autopsy news report.)
     As the world condemned this massacre, the Israelis released a video in which they sang a satirical song called “We Con the World.” Click here to see the Israelis ridiculing, caricaturing, and ethnically stereotyping the people they had murdered.
     I could go on and on with countless other Israeli atrocities, but these few examples should be enough to show that America is not any safer by placing our security in Israeli hands.
What can Americans do to make our nation safer? We as individuals can begin by making sure that we don’t use Israeli-controlled firewalls on our personal and business computers.
     Much of the solution rests in the hands of our congressmen. Under the Constitution, all appropriations must originate in the House of Representatives. Although Israel is the sixteenth richest nation in the world, their government receives the largest amount of U.S. foreign aid. (Click here.) The cost of U.S. foreign aid to Israel from 1976 to 2002 was $1.6 trillion dollars—that’s twice the cost of the Vietnam War. (Click here.) The U.S. continues to underwrite the Israeli regime at the rate of $10 billion a year. (Click here.) All that is for a country whose population is barely one tenth of one percent of the world’s population.
     It gets worse. Section 116 of the Foreign Assistance Act reads, "No assistance may be provided under this part to the government of any country which engages in a consistent pattern of gross violations of internationally recognized human rights.” Under section 4 of the Arms Export Control Act, it’s illegal to provide defensive weapons to nations that “abuse their use for non-defensive purposes.” (Click here.)
     The Constitution gives Congress the responsibility for oversight. We should demand that our congressmen do their job by withholding aid to Israel until they live up to international standards of civilized behavior.
     We should also demand that our nation’s security be returned to American control. While this is no panacea, it is a necessary step in reasserting the independence we declared in 1776. Any congressman whose performance in office shows that he represents a foreign nation rather than the American people should be replaced on November 2.
(To go back to part 1 of this series, click here.)
(To go back to part 2 of this series, click here.)
     "Let there be peace, and let it begin with me." The brotherhood of man transcends sovereignty of nations. May people of all religious faiths, nationalities and cultural groups pray together. Pray any day or every day. On the day before congressional elections, pray that the American people, rather than voting on the basis of political party or ideology, will vote for wise and virtuous leaders.